Morb. Morb. Foppa, I. M., Haber, M., Ferdinands, J. M. & Shay, D. K. The case test-negative design for studies of the effectiveness of influenza vaccine. Infect. We thank staff at UKHSA and members of the UK Government SPI-M committee and the UKHSA Variant Technical Group for valuable discussions. Google Scholar. A WHO spokesman says China informed the WHO about the case, which involves a 53-year-old woman, on Feb 24. https://downloads.aap.org/AAP/PDF/AAP%20and%20CHA%20-%20Children%20and%20COVID-19%20State%20Data%20Report%209.29.22%20FINAL.pdf?_ga=2.255000394.335550773.1665001859-370326403.1636740765 (2022). Requests for access to the underlying source data should be directed to UKHSA. KPNC members are similar to the broad catchment population in Northern California in terms of sociodemographic characteristics34. Child hospitalization rates reach record highs amid Omicron's surge Severe cases may increase in the wake of holiday parties where people of all ages mixed. Rep. 69, 10811088 (2020). MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2022;71:14652. In our primary analysis, we implemented a cohort study design where we used Cox proportional hazards models that allow for time-varying covariates to estimate the SARS-CoV-2 infection hazard ratio (HR) in infants of mothers vaccinated with at least 2 doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines during pregnancy and 1 dose only versus mothers who were unvaccinated during pregnancy. Evan J. Anderson reports grants from Pfizer, Merck, PaxVax, Micron, Sanofi-Pasteur, Janssen, MedImmune, and GlaxoSmithKline; personal fees from Pfizer, Medscape, Kentucky Bioprocessing, Inc., Sanofi-Pasteur, and Janssen, outside the submitted work; and institutional funding from the National Institutes of Health to conduct clinical trials of Moderna and Janssen COVID-19 vaccines. The stats are for COVID-associated hospitalizations, which may include people for whom COVID-19 was not the primary reason for admission. But those countries have high vaccination rates, and there, too, Omicron has spread most quickly among younger adults. Vaccination offers the best way to protect against COVID-19 and its complications. This case-positive, control-test-negative design also referred to as the test-negative design (TND) has often been used in studies of vaccine effectiveness. No other potential conflicts of interest were disclosed. The Lancet Regional Health Southeast Asia, The Lancet Regional Health Western Pacific, 36-fold higher estimate of deaths attributable to red meat intake in GBD 2019: is this reliable? COVID-19Associated Hospitalizations Among Adults During SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron Variant Predominance, by Race/Ethnicity and Vaccination Status COVID-NET, 14 States, July 2021January 2022. Selected counties in California, Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, Iowa, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Tennessee, and Utah (https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6915e3.htm). Hospitalization rates among non-Hispanic Black adults increased more than rates in other racial/ethnic groups. Protection during both periods decreased as infants aged. https://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.08.27.21262356v1. J. Med. Percentages presented for demographic characteristics are weighted column percentages. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care. PubMed Central and B.F. P.R. As infants aged, protection provided by maternal vaccination decreased during both periods. Iuliano AD, Brunkard JM, Boehmer TK, et al. Adults with a positive result whose SARS-CoV-2 test date was 14 days after the first dose of a 2-dose series but <14 days after receipt of the second dose were considered partially vaccinated. Only 16% of children between the ages of 5 and 11 are fully vaccinated, and that number climbs to just over 50% of adolescents between ages 12 and 17, according to CDC data . The images or other third party material in this article are included in the articles Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. But the charts are in line with data from the UK Health Safety Agency, which found that protection from a third dose of Pfizer or Moderna vaccine against hospitalization with Omicron was about 89%, waning slightly to 83% at 10 weeks, Insider's Catherine Schuster Bruce reported. The aim of the secondary design was to compare the results of the cohort with TND. However, protection estimates greater than 90% might be too high if individuals with a previous infection were more likely than those without one to come forward for a test for reasons other than suspicion of COVID-19. the date of publication. Models were adjusted for the covariates listed above. Maternal vaccination was protective, but protection was lower during Omicron than during Delta. Estimation of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine effectiveness against medically attended COVID-19 in pregnancy during periods of delta and Omicron variant predominance in the United States. 387, 187189 (2022). BNT162b2 vaccine effectiveness against omicron in children 5 to 11 years of age. Informed consent was waived because this was a data-only study with no direct contact with participants. JAMA 327, 10871089 (2022). N. Engl. The KPNC Institutional review board approved and waived consent for this study. Implementing strategies that result in the equitable receipt of COVID-19 vaccinations, through building vaccine confidence, raising awareness of the benefits of vaccination, and removing barriers to vaccination access among persons with disproportionately higher hospitalizations rates from COVID-19, including Black adults, is an urgent public health priority. The mean age at pregnancy onset was 31.62 years (standard deviation of 4.66 years). If ethnicity was unknown, non-Hispanic ethnicity was assumed. Like influenza and Tdap vaccines15,16, data suggest that vaccination during pregnancy may protect infants who are not old enough to be vaccinated against COVID-19. The risk of hospitalisation appeared to increase when comparing delta with alpha infections. Polack, F. P. et al. Nature Communications thanks Annette Regan, Olof Stephansson and the other, anonymous, reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this work. All authors have completed and submitted the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors form for disclosure of potential conflicts of interest. COVID hospitalizations amid omicron 23 times higher among - ABC News Structural changes in the brain may explain the persistent fatigue and neuropsychiatric complications tied to long COVID. Klein, N. P. et al. Kids and Omicron: COVID Hospitalizations Soar Among NY Children - NBC Real-world data suggest lower COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against Omicron variants11,12,13,14. Pediatrics. Acosta AM, Garg S, Pham H, et al. These cookies perform functions like remembering presentation options or choices and, in some cases, delivery of web content that based on self-identified area of interests. JAMA Intern. Although the study was unable to directly estimate VE against hospitalization due to the small number of hospitalized cases, it found that over the entire study period, the incidence rate of hospitalization during the first 6 months of life was much lower among the infants whose mothers were vaccinated during pregnancy compared with those whose mothers were not vaccinated. Among 829 adults hospitalized during the Omicron-predominant period, 49.4% were unvaccinated, compared with 69.5% during the Delta-predominant period (p<0.01). The final study population included 30311 (48.8%) infants who were KPNC members at least 2 months after birth. The vaccines have proved highly safe and effective at reducing the risk of severe illness, hospitalization and death. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC; 2022. Views equals page views plus PDF downloads. 3501 et seq. Gordon, N. & Lin, T. The Kaiser Permanente Northern California adult member health survey. The report found that, during the omicron wave 6,743.5 per 100,000 unvaccinated people were contracting COVID-19 and 187.8 per 100,000 were hospitalized. There was no link between risk of COVID-19 death and race, except for Indian patients, who were at slightly higher risk than their White peers. Still, even with a smaller percentage of people getting severely ill during the Omicron wave, a large number of cases over a short time can lead to a spike in people being hospitalized or admitted . N. Engl. 387, 227236 (2022). https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.27.21262356v1 Morb. CAS Questions or messages regarding errors in formatting should be addressed to
Morb. Users are referred to the electronic PDF version (https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr)
During Omicron predominance, children aged <6 months accounted for 44% of hospitalizations among children ages 04 years3. By the end of December, Omicron made up 58% of all cases in the US, per Our World in Data, but Delta is thought to cause more severe disease and more hospitalizations than Omicron on average. New charts from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), more severe disease and more hospitalizations, Insider's Catherine Schuster Bruce reported. SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination rates in pregnant women in Scotland, Effectiveness of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in pregnancy, Effectiveness of a third BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy: a national observational study in Israel, Covid-19 vaccination programme effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 related infections, hospital admissions and deaths in the Apulia region of Italy: a one-year retrospective cohort study, Post-vaccination outcomes in association with four COVID-19 vaccines in the Kingdom of Bahrain, Effectiveness and protection duration of Covid-19 vaccines and previous infection against any SARS-CoV-2 infection in young adults, The indirect effect of mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccination on healthcare workers unvaccinated household members, SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy, Duration of mRNA vaccine protection against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 subvariants in Qatar, https://downloads.aap.org/AAP/PDF/AAP%20and%20CHA%20-%20Children%20and%20COVID-19%20State%20Data%20Report%209.29.22%20FINAL.pdf?_ga=2.255000394.335550773.1665001859-370326403.1636740765, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.09.059, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. If you do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and will not be able to monitor its performance. The group raised concerns about a small number of Guillain-Barre syndrome cases in vaccine recipients and wanted more data, especially on efficacy in those at highest risk. Age was the most important risk factor for COVID-19 death (eg, HR, 31.3 for an 80-year-old vs a 50-year-old). Frequency, characteristics and complications of COVID-19 in hospitalized infants. 4% of cases) without NHS numbers were excluded from our primary analysis. Science brief: omicron (B.1.1.529) variant. Rep. 71, 2630 (2022). This was the highest age-adjusted weekly rate observed among any racial and ethnic group during the pandemic. 40, e137e145 (2021). SARS-CoV-2 variant data update, England: Version 21. Carlsen, E. O. et al. Am. Starting the week ending December 4, 2021, Maryland data are not included in weekly rate calculations but are included in previous weeks. Wkly. [PDF] Laboratory-Confirmed COVID-19 Case Incidence Rates Among Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in preventing hospitalization among adults aged 65 yearsCOVID-NET, 13 states, FebruaryApril 2021. O.Z., N.P.K., and B.F. conceived and designed the study. Effectiveness of BNT162b2 vaccination during pregnancy in preventing hospitalization for SARS-CoV-2 in infants. In the US, as of the end of September 2022, almost 15 million children ages <18 years have tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). We calculated VE as 100% multiplied by 1- OR. COVID-19 vaccines have demonstrated both high efficacy in clinical trials and high real-world effectiveness, especially against the original and Delta variant of the virus6,7,8,9,10. 45 C.F.R. Office of the Vice President for Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 2023 Regents of the University of Minnesota. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/bridged_race.htm, ** https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.27.21262356v1, On August 13, 2021, CDCs Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) issued the first of several recommendations for additional or booster doses of COVID-19 vaccine. Omicron is super infectious, and about 20% of people in the United States over the age of 5 as well as all children under 5 remain unvaccinated. The study provides evidence that a previous omicron infection in triple-vaccinated individuals provides high amounts of protection against BA.5 and BA.2 infections. (2021) Omicron is supercharging the COVID vaccine booster debate. If you need to go back and make any changes, you can always do so by going to our Privacy Policy page. Vaccine 40, 656665 (2022). Stock, Jade Carruthers, Rachael Wood, Joshua Guedalia, Michal Lipschuetz, Ofer Beharier, Tobias Homan, Sara Mazzilli, Domenico Martinelli, Manaf AlQahtani, Xing Du, Siddhartha Mukherjee, Jussipekka Salo, Milla Hgg, Lauri Sksvuori, Hiam Chemaitelly, Houssein H. Ayoub, Laith J. Abu-Raddad, Nature Communications What are the implications for public health practice? Adults with no documented receipt of any COVID-19 vaccine dose before the test date were considered unvaccinated. The findings in this report are subject to at least four limitations. Urban Health 83, 10411062 (2006). In supplemental analyses by trimester of vaccination, receipt of the second dose during the second and third trimesters reduced the risk of infants testing SARS-CoV-2 positive during the Delta dominant period by 91% (95% CI: 63, 98) and 85% (95% CI: 50, 96), respectively, during the first 2 months of life, by 59% (95% CI: 21, 79) and 67% (95% CI: 37, 83) during the first 4 months of life and by 64% (95% CI:31, 81) and 53% (95% CI: 24, 71) during the first 6 months of life. J. Med. All adults should stay up to date (1) with COVID-19 vaccination to reduce their risk for COVID-19associated hospitalization. Finally, the COVID-NET catchment areas include approximately 10% of the U.S. population; thus, these findings might not be nationally generalizable. Beginning the week of December 1925, 2021, the B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant of SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19) became the predominant circulating variant in the United States (i.e., accounted for >50% of sequenced isolates). The funders played no direct role in the study. Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. Pregnant women were excluded because their reasons for hospital admission (4) might differ from those for nonpregnant persons. 386, 15321546 (2022). Using previously described methods (3), investigators collected clinical data on a representative sample of adult patients (7.9%) hospitalized during July 1, 2021January 31, 2022, stratified by age and COVID-NET site. During the Delta period, receipt of one dose during the third trimester reduced infants risk of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 by 74% (95% CI: 19, 92) during the first 6 months of life (Table3). If the SARS-CoV-2 test date was not available, hospital admission date was used. pdf files, Omicron: fewer adverse outcomes come with new dangers, Statement on offensive historical content, Redistribute or republish the final article, Reuse portions or extracts from the article in other works. The average death rate among Americans over age 65 who contract the flu has ranged between 1 in 75 and 1 in 160 in recent years, according to the C.D.C. From Jan 1 to Mar 16, 2022, when Omicron was predominant, 4,781 (0.02%) of 19,473,570 booster recipients died of COVID-19, and 58,020 (0.3%) died of other causes. From this cohort, the study excluded the following infants born to (1) mothers who were not between ages 16 and 50 years at pregnancy onset; (2) mothers who did not have a primary KPNC facility assignment; (3) mothers who were not continuous KPNC members from December 15, 2020 until delivery; (4) mothers who had a positive nasal/throat swab for SARS-CoV-2 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) prior to pregnancy onset; (5) mothers who had a positive SARS-CoV-2 antibody test documented by KPNC prior to the onset of pregnancy; (6) mothers who received one or more doses of COVID-19 vaccine prior to pregnancy onset. The study was funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease grant # 1R01AI168373-01 to O.Z. Hobbs, C. V. et al. By comparison, from two to 25 weeks after the second dose, protection against Omicron hospitalization was 64%, the UKHSA said. Three recent epidemiological studies found that vaccination during pregnancy was associated with a reduced risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in infants during their first 4 months of life and a reduced risk of hospitalization during the first 5 months of life17,18,19. Persons who received only 1 vaccine dose of a 2-dose series 14 days before the SARS-CoV-2 test date or had received a single dose of either a 1- or 2-dose vaccination series <14 days before the positive SARS-CoV-2 test result were considered partially vaccinated and were not included in rates by vaccination status. During the study period, the omicron variant experienced a rapidly increasing incidence, whereas the delta variant was experiencing a decreasing or less rapidly increasing incidence. COVID-19; IL-6 . mmwrq@cdc.gov. Omicron data in UK is 'enormously worrying,' immunologist says "In the last two weeks, no fewer than 80% of admissions were below the age of 50 years. GD declares that his employer UK Health Security Agency (previously operating as Public Health England) received funding from GlaxoSmithKline for a research project related to influenza antiviral treatment. We, therefore, were unable to assess whether maternal infection provided some protection to their infants. To account for the correlation between infants with the same mother, we fit marginal Cox proportional hazards models using robust sandwich variance estimates. 9-14 As of October 2022, 68% of the US population has completed primary series vaccination. Hospitalization rates during peak Omicron circulation (January 2022) among unvaccinated adults remained 12 times the rates among vaccinated adults who received booster or additional doses and four times the rates among adults who received a primary series, but no booster or additional dose. PDF The Role of IL-6 in Inner Ear Impairment: Evidence from 146 Recovered Partially vaccinated adults, and those who received a single dose of a 1-dose product <14 days before the positive SARS-CoV-2 test result were not included in analyses by vaccination status but were included in rates and overall proportions that were not stratified by vaccination status.