Advantages and Disadvantages of Federalism - Course Hero 4 0 obj Besides the Big Three - Igbo, Hausa and Yoruba, there are other macro and micro ethnic minorities in the country. Also read: Highest paying law firms in Nigeria. Here, both the majority and minority are represented in the government. 3. So majority if not all of them were in favor of a federalist system of governance. (eds. Thus, there is continuous agitation by many ethnic nationalities for a sovereign national conference in order to renegotiate the Nigeria federal deal to put Nigeria on the path of true federalism to guarantee her unity and co-existence. In some areas where major communal or other social antagonism cuts across territorial boundaries, ranging through all the federating units, communities or classes have been driven to seek to protect or strengthen their position by inter-territorial union. Further Philosophical Issues 4.1 Sovereignty or federalism 4.2 Issues of Constitutional and Institutional Design 4.3 Sources of Stability 4.4 Division of Power 4.5 Distributive Justice << This particular corroborated federalism in Nigeria. There are Benin and Togo in between Ghana and Nigeria, two of the former British African colonies. Federalism can be defined as a system of government in which political powers of the state are shared between the central government and other component units. Size and population of a country is among the determinants of the level of power and influence which a country commands. PDF Federalism and Democracy: Beyond the U.S. Model - UNPA In many countries of the world, federalism has emerged as a means of accommodating the growing desire of people to preserve or revive the intimacy of small societies and the growing necessity for larger combinations to mobilize the utilization of common resources. Secondly, are these groups well pleased, or do they at least accept such manipulative placements? Thus, Nigeria's federalism is not only complex but also hard to understand. /Length 14727 All these strengthen political bonds and gave Rice to unity in diversity. However, that is not so in a federal government system. This paper consequently argues that the anxiety as well as angst attributable to this agitation has the tendencies of not only disrupting the relative-peace presently enjoyed by the various groups, but is also, if not controlled, capable of plunging the country into a state of economic comatose and perpetual fragility. 2012, Issues and Trends in Nigeria's Development. Below are the reasons why Nigeria adopted a federal system of government: The major reason for the adoption of federal system of government in Nigeria is borne out of the historical experience that brought all the ethical groups together under one Nigeria. The Emergence of Nigeria as a political entity under colonial rule was not an easy affair. However, where there is a conflict of authority between the federal government and regional government, the federal authority supersedes. There are other political systems the country could have adopted but because of some reasons which I am going to share with you today, federalism seemed to be the best idea. Unity of the country: 3.3 3. /F3 12 0 R /Height 235 Wheare who contends that it is a system where powers are shared between central and regional governments so that each is in a sphere cordinate and independent. SjHw`d"*z;3N&W3k]:}N\t+5 (Nw3hW"T"aDV$V e. Federalism Complicates the Response to the COVID-19 Health and Economic Does Federalism Make Sense For The Philippines? - Forbes June 1,2022 We appreciate you. Your email address will not be published. stream I have said that Nigeria is reputed to be the largest black country around, even Nigeria has claimed to be the giant of Africa by . was federalism friendly and that gave rise to easy adoption of . by the federal or any state government. Seven (7) Reasons for the Adoption of Federalism in Nigeria - Blogger Problems facing the legal profession in Nigeria, History of the legal profession in Nigeria, Problems of Local Government in Nigeria And Solutions, 5 important Characteristic of customary law, Sources of Nigerian Law: everything you need to know. Some of the reasons include preservation of identities. Therefore, the adoption of a federal political framework in Nigeria was a necessity as the system was the only viable option for a multi-ethnic country like Nigeria. The leaders also were from different major tribes and also wanted a level of power. Another factor that prompted the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the fear of insecurity and the desire for union. In 1939 sir Bernard Bourdillion made a serious constitutional proposal which concluded having regional councils with a central council in Lagos. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. True Federalism and Restructuring in Nigeria: Challenges and the - SSRN Full History of Nigerian Federalism | Nigerian Federalism History of federal system of government in nigeria. Manages And Maintains And Secures Nigeria. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. MCC Vol 2 No 1 Article 04.pdf, GJ #2018, 2, Globalization and Federation in Peril: Renewed Agitations for Statehood and the Future of Nigerian State, by A. M. Maigari and U. Dantani, GLOBALIZATION AND FEDERATION IN PERIL: RENEWED AGITATIONS FOR STATEHOOD AND THE FUTURE OF NIGERIAN STATE, RESTRUCTURING NIGERIA: BEYOND POLITICAL RHETORIC AND THE MORAL PANIC, PDF copy of Published paper on Agitation and restructuring.pdf, ESSAYS ON RIGHT TO SELF DETERMINATION AS A PEREMPTORY NORM AND THE LIMITATION IN EXERCISING THAT RIGHT.pdf, Federalism, Military Legacies and the Restructuring Debate in Contemporary Nigeria, Legal Aid Journal of Legal Issues Vol. The logic for this call, nay, agitation for self-determination by this group is not faulty in itself except that the laws of the land; Nigeria 1999 Constitution (as amended) does not guarantee self-determination or secession by any group of the Nigerian political environment. The states too have no resources for development but depended on federal grants. Since federal systems have been formed for different reasons and to No doubt, the Ethnic, Religious and Geographical nature of Nigeria also contributed to the reason why federalism was adopted. % Besides this desire, there was also the presence of certain socio-economic conditions (Babalola, 2013 . To learn more, view ourPrivacy Policy. federalism, a heavily coercive effort by a nondemocratic centralizing power to put together a multinational state, some of the components of which had previously been independent states. Each state has the same level of self-governance. These crises flow from issues such as fiscal federalism, corruption, credible elections, tribal politics, ethno-religious conflicts, and disdain for the rule of law. 6 0 obj Are there certain inherent and primordial grievances and preferences? It also shows the growth rate as an engine to the development of economies of developing countries like Nigeria in this 21p century. In the same way, the political culture of the United States is civic, republican and participatory. Air Plan Approval; Texas; New Source Review Updates for Project Useful tips on how to download from YouTube using SS, 10 most delicious Nigerian dishes for dinner, "Youve admitted election was flawed", Atiku replies Tinubu campaign, Whitney Adeyemi: Protest Hits Lagos as Residents Besiege Chrisland School, Long Fulani tribal braids: 30 beautiful styles to try out, Old Naira notes: 5 key things to know about Supreme Court's final verdict, "Precious don finish work": Little girl with 'anointing' prays passionately over food as mum watches, video trends. Before the amalgamation of the Northern Protectorate and the Southern Protectorate in 1914, there was nothing like Nigeria. Samuel is bent on changing the legal profession by building Web and Mobile Apps that will make legal research a lot easier. . One of the major reasons why countries choose federalism is because of size. As one of the most effective frameworks for governing a pluralistic society, Nigeria adopted Federalism to manage her multi-ethnic state. Thus, federalism seemed to be the only option left for Nigeria because it allows for popular participation in government. Everybody would likely agree that the conscious awareness and awakening of the course of who is who invariably determines who gets what, perhaps when and how. Adobe d C (Tanzi, 1996). >> The Babangida administration followed the same step and created 21 states and more local governments. Also it is more useful to expansiate on them. The Challenge of Domesticating Children's Rights Treaties in Nigeria Your email address will not be published. There are three major tribes in Nigeria namely Hausa, Igbo, and Yoruba. Historical experience 3.2 2. Other specific reasons for the increasing demand for decentralisation are: Central governments increasingly are finding that it is impossible for them to . It should be noted, however, that the Leagues significantly differ from modern federations in one respect: namely, while the various governments freely interacted, no prosperous direct contact between the populace of the various governments was permitted. This has nexus with the particular sharing formula adopted. Roxy Horner biography: who is Jack Whitehalls girlfriend? This was a period when long efforts were made to identify the legal relationships between the Leagues and the City States (Mogi, 1931:21). Many Nigerian ethnic groups began to agitate for their own states. << Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. Brad Simpson (2014) The Biafran secession and the limits of self-determination, Journal of Genocide Research, 16:2-3, 337-354, WARN POLICY BRIEF THE NIGERIA STATE AND THE BIAFRA QUESTION: THREATS TO OR OPPORTUNITIES FOR NATIONAL COHESION, LAST TRAIN TO BIAFRA - Memories of a Biafran Child: A Personal Family Experience, Fiscal Federalism, Ethnic Minorities and the National Question in Nigeria: Revisiting the Case of the Niger Delta People, WARN POLICY BRIEF WARN POLICY BRIEF THE NIGERIA STATE AND THE BIAFRA QUESTION: THREATS TO OR OPPORTUNITIES FOR NATIONAL COHESION, Biafra Resurgence: State Failure, Insecurity and Separatist Agitations in Nigeria, Biafra Separatism: Causes, Consequences and Remedies, The Nigerian State and the Quest for Restructuring: Implications for Democratic Consolidation, THE DISINTEGRATION OF YUGOSLAVIA: A LESSON FOR NIGERIA, MASSOB AND IPOB SELF DETERMINATION AND THE NIGERIA STATE, Ndi Igbo, Leadership, Nationhood, the Nigerian Dilemma and Why We Are All Biafrans, Death of a nation - Biafra and the Nigerian question.pdf, Exploring the Dimensions of Secessionist Agitations: Security Threats and Implications for Nigeria 1966-2016, REVISITING THE NIGERIA-BIAFRA WAR: THE INTANGIBLES OF POST- WAR RECONCILIATION, The Ambiguity of Constitutional Silence on State Secession in Nigeria: Looking Beyond Politics of Compassion and Prejudice, West Africa Insight Secessionist Movement ENGLISH Version, Situation Analysis on Public Safety and Security Governorship Election in Anambra State, IGBOS, A PEOPLE THRIVING AMIDST ADVERSITY: WHO ARE THE IGBOS, Pro-Biafran Activists and the call for a Referendum: A Sentiment Analysis of 'Biafraexit' on Twitter after UK's vote to leave the European Union, NIGERIA: WHAT IS TO BE DONE? The paper contends that unitary federalism in Nigeria is an imposition and extension of colonial and military entrenched inequalities in the Nigerian state. 7 Topics Revenue Allocation in Nigeria | Week 9. After nearly three decades of cumulative military rule, the country returned to civilian governance in 1999 under a presidential system of government. Emphasis on indigeneity, the federal revenue allocation formula and the increasing formalization of the 'federal character' principle, to mention only a few issues, increase sources of tensions and potential conflicts. He is also a Developer with knowledge in HTML, CSS, JS, PHP and React Native. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. 1. The Evolution, Development and Practice of Federalism in Nigeria The USA and Canada were formed with the above interest at heart. Since 1954 successively Nigerian constitution had adopted the federal system of government without much emphasis on the unity or disunity it has accorded to Nigeria. Just very few words have evoked much more controversy in the discus of politics than the word, federalism. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide It was subsequently, not until after the American constitution of 1787, that a new concept of federalism was introduced. PDF Nigerian Federalism: Issues, Challenges and Prospects Comparative Analysis of Federalism and Natural Resource Management Not minding the general relevance of these coinages, an arduous task lies in properly assessing their specific impacts in a given political enclave. Regrettably, this system is founded on a militarily-conceived constitution lacking a fully enforceable bill of rights and clear governmental functions. This type of government is also known as a "federation" or a "federal state" in common parlance (eg., United States of America). The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) is publishing this proposed rule to revise HUD's regulations for branch office registration requirements. The Complete Material Will Be Sent To Your . By the time Nigeria became a republic, the system of federalism was adopted and the country was considered as a federation of three regions. All rights reserved. /Type /XObject It discovered a positive relationship between the changes in the fiscal structure and the aggravation of ethnic minorities' struggles. 7 Topics . % Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review (Nigerian Chapter), Abstract: The Nigeria civil war (1967-1970) provoked by declaration of Biafra republic had indelible imprint on Nigeria state. Federalism in Nigeria - Wikipedia Death of a nation - Biafra and the Nigerian question.pdf, The politics and problem of fiscal federalism and revenue allocation formula in Nigeria: Who should get what, how, when and why, Resource Control: a Necessary Element for True Federalism in Nigeria, THE IMPACT OF STATE JOINT LOCAL GOVERNMENT ACCOUNT ON STATE LOCAL RELATIONS IN SOUTH WESTERN NIGERIA, MEMORANDUM ON TRUE FEDERALISM SUBMITTED BY THE 'RESTRUCTURE NIGERIA' COMMUNITY AS A RESPONSE TO THE APC COMMITTEE CALL ON TRUE FEDERALISM, THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES & SOCIAL STUDIES The Legal Framework for the Corporate Existence of Nigeria, Intricacies and paradoxes federalism and secessionism in Nigeria.pdf, Civic Education Curriculum Implementation, NIGERIAN FEDERALISM AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT: PURSUIT, PROSPECTS AND IMPEDIMENTS TO UNITY AND NATION BUILDING, Constitutions Making, Amendments, Reviews and Nigerias Political Development:
Even the masses in the rural areas of the country are allowed to participate in politics by electing their representatives into office. ICT and Its Impact on National Development In Nigeria: An Overview Keywords: Federalism, Nigeria, ethnic groups, federal character principle . Consequently, the economic condition was one of the reasons that led to the adoption of federal systems of government in both Nigeria and South Africa. Federalism in Nigeria refers to the devolution of self-governance by the West African nation of Nigeria to its federated states, who share sovereignty with the Federal Government. It will schock you to know Nigerias adoption of federalism was also in the interest of the leaders. Federalism has been present in Nigeria since the former British colony was reorganized into a federation of three regions in 1946. On the contrary it has also been suggested that is created more diversity and conflict for the nation to grapple with. welcome, and thanks for reading us. /F6 21 0 R A large body of literature exists on Nigeria's fiscal federalism particularly with reference to revenue allocation. Federalism also in this manner, preserves cultures of the minorities from being drowned in the ocean of the cultures of the majorities. To make mortgage industry standards more flexible and modernized, the proposed rule would remove the requirement that lenders and mortgagees register with HUD each branch office . THE THEME OF IMAGERY AND SYMBOLISM IN THE IPOB SECESSIONIST STRUGGLE, Abdul's Assignment on 711 Dr. Usman Mohammed, A nation divided against itself: Biafra and the conflicting online protest discourses, Ethnicity, Political Exclusion and the Resurgence of Separatism in South-Eastern, Nigeria, Hands Behind their backs: Making a case for a region-centred restructuring framework, THE EFFECT OF CRIMINAL INJUSTICE AGAINST EASTERN NIGERIA AND THE DEMAND FOR SELF-DETERMINATION BY IPOB. Is there high propensity or likelihood of exclusion, marginalization and relative deprivation, which was to engender obsessive mutual antagonism? Very often, the problem has appeared in twofold. Federalism did not return to Nigeria until after his death. This feature of federalism is widely believed to be a veritable framework for even and need-sensitive development. It forays into the inherent issues underlying the Biafran movement and the ways in which those issues, as well as Biafran agitation, are inimical to Nigeria's development. PDF Federal Theory and Federalism in Africa Berihun Gebeye - McGill University The crux of the matter is that the minorities fear the domination of the majorities, but federalism allows them some independent existence, and as such, their fears, both real and fancied, are allayed. Over the years the fiscal federalism in Nigeria has crystallised and remained . Nigeria is a plural society of over 250 tongues and tribes. All attempts to solve these problems over the years have failed. 1954 Lagos Constitutional Conference In Nigeria (Decisions) - Kofa Study The paper begins by placing the question in an historical context examines its different phases and characters. The governmental powers are shared between the federal government and the thirty-six state governments. In this article, i will comprehensively discuss the reasons for federalism in Nigeria. 2013 PP.100-107, This paper explores the issue of unification federalism in Nigeria, which has been an obstacle to peace, development and threats to security .The findings from an extensive reading of related materials suggest that, the root of contemporary political conflict and underdevelopment in Nigeria political landscape shows clearly in the area of imbalance political structures that were established before and after independence. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.