Living in what is now Southeast Nigeria and Southwest Cameroon, the people were physically divided by British and German colonial holdings in Africa. I hope Queen Victoria and young prince will live long time and we get good friend. [50] Okoho Efiom bore twins whose paternal parentage have often been debated. One theory states that the Efik and Uruan had separate religious customs and the Efik refused to worship the Uruan deity Atakpor Uruan Inyang. It was found in operation among a tribe down the coast towards Camaroons, but was improved and extended in its new field of operations.[60]. The cult members are usually violent and self-destructive to the point of committing suicide. two young foreign men to whom she gives the power to defeat her. I Am Niki Buroro Agbor Ekpe Jerome a holder of a professional Masters in Forestry and wildlife Engineering with focus on Protected Area Management, Masters of Science in Forest Governance and policies from University of Dschang and Professional Masters in Environmental Science (ESIA) university of Yaounde 1. Nsibidi is a body of ideographic, abstract, and gestural signs deployed by the Ekpe society as a form of coded communication. PDF Traditional Societies and Pre-colonial Security System: Interrogating These secret societies were used to uphold the legal decisions of the Council of Elders or of the community as a whole, they also ensured conformity in certain rituals and in social behaviour and undertook certain public works for the community (n.d.). Archaeological evidence found that the group was extremely advanced in education for its time, and headed the construction of the Valley of the Kings. Papers documenting the research materials and scholarly work of Dr. Ivor L. Miller in cultural studies of the African Diaspora. [78] Raffia palm clothing (Efik: f Ndam) could also be exported from other communities especially when a community made the best raffia clothing. Barbot documents that between 1698 and 1699, payments for provisions were made at Calabar to the following chiefs; Duke Aphrom, King Robin, Mettinon, King Ebrero, King John, King Oyo, William King Agbisherea, Robin King Agbisherea, and Old King Robin. identity. Prior to the inception of the transatlantic slave trade, the Efik had experienced a series of migration before their arrival along the coasts of Old Calabar. Ekpe, also known as Mgbe/Egbo (Ekoi language: leopard; derived from the Ibibio term for the same), is a West African secret society in Nigeria and Cameroon flourishing chiefly among the Efiks. [37] A captured invader confessed that they were set to retrieve royal emblems which they believed the Efik had taken with them when they left Uruan. After the Efik had settled at Ikpa Ene, a party of men from Uruan arrived at Ikpa Ene. Define monsoon, Sanskrit, raja, caste system, caste, Hinduism, reincarnation, karma, dharma, yoga, Buddhism, ascetic, nirvana. [32] Oku adds that the Uruan were adverse to the Efik custom of burying strangers with their dead and did not share in the practice carried out by the Efik. Written March 01, 2015 by Web Services Editor, Guarini School of Graduate & Advanced Studies, Copyright 2023 Trustees of Dartmouth College. Origin and Early History of The Ibibio People of Nigeria kp lodges ruled local communities while also managing regional and long-distance trade. Aye and Eyo Okon Akak. an extraordinarily powerful woman, who can change herself into a buffalo, the proud oldest daughter of a king, who insists on being respected, enraged by her brother's refusal to give her the inheritance she feels she is owed, guilt-ridden for having killed many of her brother's people, and for having pushed her youngest sister too hard and too soon into magical power. The Ogboni fraternity is said to have a strong affiliation to royalty, gerontological system of governance and the law enforcement of the community. In the traditional Soninke tale of "Gasire's Lute", the son of the king contributes tragically to the fall of his kingdom when he: becomes too impatient to become king himself, gets his own sons killed in battle, becomes a poet-bard rather than wait to become king, causes his own people to rebel against his desire to keep fighting. Welcome, Love, Peace and Unity in Nsibidi. Efik names were often anglicised to gain the trust of European traders. It became a truly multi-group society, finding its' way to almost all groups in the region and gaining dominance in . On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Ekpe means leopard, not lion. I'm still struggling to understand her choice. Ekpe Society 1st Conclave from Sept 16 to 17 2009, Ekpe DC Sessekou relaxing during the conclave, Ekpe Society members with Justice Hilman Egbe at a MECA DC meeting. Members of the Ekpe society are said to act as messengers of the ancestors ( ikan ). All willing to engage respectfully are welcome. The instruments above are particularly important to our study of the Sunjata because: they are the traditional instruments of the jeliw who tell the story in public performance. At Creek town, the Efik ruler was Efiom Ekpo Efiom Ekpo who had a number of children including Nsa Efiom, Edem Efiom, Okoho Efiom and Odo Efiom. PDF Cuban Abakua Chants: Examining New Linguistic and Historical Evidence Photo by Jordan Fenton. Ekpe masquerade mimic the form of a lion or leopard moves. The Efik Language and Its Future. It is uncertain when Obutong was founded but most Efik scholars hypothesize that it was founded in the 16th century. Eye of the Needle - Ken Follett 2015-07-07 The worldwide phenomenon from the bestselling author of The Pillars of the Earth, World [22] This is further proven by Talbot who proves that other ethnicities appended the name "Eburutu" or "Oburutu" to their ethnic names. Also join us across all of our other channels - we love to be connected! [51] Nsutana was a dreaded island where twins were abandoned to die. [9] The largest group moved to Creek town from Ndodoghi led by the priest-king Eyo Ema Atai.[38]. In the culture we have discussed, the term nyama refers to: the power which exists in all things, which can be controlled only by special persons. Ukara cloth, an indigo stitched and dyed cloth is significant to the people of Igbo land. ""Hakuna Matata" (No More Worries) - Integrating - NSUWorks authority as head of the Ekpe (Egbo), or Leopard, society. [65] Cannons were shot at the town and every house was levelled to the ground. [13] Throughout the centuries, Efik traders traded with the Portuguese, Dutch, English and French. Sunjata's victory against Sumaworo comes in part because: Sumaworo loses the support of his nephew, Fakoli. Ekpe Society - Odinani: The Sacred Arts & Sciences of the Igbo People Select search scope, currently: catalog all catalog, articles, website, & more in one search; catalog books, media & more in the Stanford Libraries' collections; articles+ journal articles & other e-resources Historians recognize the advent and rapid rise of Ekpe as a direct result of a need for a new and effective mechanism of sociopolitical control in the complex economic environment created by the Atlantic slave trade. Ed Keazor Follow Barrister-at-Law Advertisement Advertisement Recommended . Among these included Yams, Fufu and an unidentified type of black soup frequently mentioned in 19th century Old Calabar literature. [15] Ekereke and Ekereke further assert that the word was later changed to "Efik". [52] The breach of agreement to halt such practices was punished by blowing Ekpe on Obutong and forbidding funeral rites of the chief until the murderers were brought to justice. Contribute to chinapedia/wikipedia.en development by creating an account on GitHub. The earliest documented letter to an English captain from a chief of Old Calabar was written in 1770. Several theories have been propounded on the origin of the word. kp philosophy is grounded in "Cross River region concepts of community that include the living, the ancestors, and the land itself" [ Ekpe being] "a school for esoteric teachings [ revealing] ideal stages in a person's life [ in their growth to] maturity within their communities [ framing terrestrial experience within the context of the But, Ekpe in the course of the colonial period underwent a wide range of fundamental changes in their structure, roles, status . The Prestigious Ekpe Masquerade of Calabar | ngEmbassy Many believe this groups village at present day Deir el-Medina was the original location where freemasonry began. Many families sent their children to European captains to teach them English and the processes involved in the international trade. Members of the Ekpe society are said to act as ugly and deformed, but predicted to be the mother of a great king. [40] [39] At Ndodoghi, the Efik priest-king Ema Atai Ema Atai died and was succeeded by his son Eyo Ema Atai Ema Atai Iboku. They are well respected agents of wealth distribution in the community.. Talbot asserts that a great cotton tree had fallen down on many of the Abayen and in their pride of numbers, they believed they could hold the cotton tree. ekpe society cameroonworld market toblerone. Corrections? At least in the past, very large sums were paid to attain these upper levels. To be a member, one must be a part of Yoruba nobility. Originally, the Efik obtained slaves by going to war with other communities or creating confusion in other communities. Large amounts of pepper was also uncommon in Efik cuisines. The Efik language also borrows words from other ethnic groups such as Balondo, Oron, Efut, Okoyong, Efiat and Ekoi (Qua). There is not even one single manyangero mentioned on all the write up on any of the ekpe/mgbe stories. Prior to the introduction of industrialised cubic-shaped seasonings such as maggi and know, Crayfish was used to make meals more spicy. [10] The original seven clans are scattered between Cross River state and Akwa Ibom state and consist of Iboku (Duke town, Henshaw town, Creek town and Cobham town), Obutong, Adiabo, Mbiabo (Mbiabo Edere, Mbiabo Ikot Offiong, Mbiabo Ikoneto), Enwang, Usukakpa and Abayen. Ekpe could take life and could give it; it could condemn a whole town to a heavy fine and was promptly paid; it could punish offenders and could forgive; even kings and Obongs could never escape Ekpe laws and edicts.[69]. wikipedia.en/Akpakip_Oro.md at main chinapedia/wikipedia.en I am a young researcher who have a great love for forest conservation, community . Cameroon with the Ekpe cult. AFRICA | 101 Last Tribes - Ekoi people According to Historians, this technique of indigo-dyeing was developed in the Dogon kingdom in Mali (West Africa) dating back to the 11th century. [11] Ibonda (an Efut clan) has sometimes been appended to Adiabo as one of the seven Efik clans. Alternate titles: Egbo, Ekpo, Leopard society. Only males can join, boys being initiated about the age of puberty. [33] When the husband of the Uruan woman learnt of the issue, he wanted to fight the Efik. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. Posted on March 01, 2015 According to Simmons, "Most Informants maintain that the first people to Inhabit Creek Town were Efut fishermen from the southern Cameroons. Over the years, the Victorian dress has been modified and given what is regarded as a dignified African look. Unblock notifications in browser settings. Enyi laja na lasha b nyeere ha aka idi nsogbu nd baara ha. [11] The last three clans had greatly dwindled in number and many of their members are believed to have been miscegenated into other Efik clans. The article was a not-so-deep exploration of indigenous African writing systems and languages. [62][63] The first missionaries arrived in 1846. Due to the number of unfortunate incidents at Ikpa Ene and Ndodoghi, the Efik sought to leave these islands. a Mande tradition based on orally transmitted history. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Additional Touches Several accounts have been narrated on the migration of the Efik before their arrival at Old Calabar. The images, ideology, and secrecy associated with kp have been studied for more than one hundred years, and yet crucial features of the history of kp and its transformation have been neglected. Hope all is well. African Voices on Slavery and the Slave Trade: Volume 1, The Sources What role does religion play in society today? Aye dates the arrival of the Efik in Creek Town to the fourteenth century. Ekpe society was the first tribe to come up with this design and archaeologists have found traces of this fabric even in southwestern Cameroon. Here's a look inside. Worn as personal wrappers during initiations and at social events, ukara cloth distinguishes Ekpe members. This is evident in a testimony by Isaac Parker, a ship-keeper who lived at Duke town in 1765 for 5 months. [66] When you see Ibibio do not give him fire(to warm himself), when he is dry he will kill you, Multiple Deaths at Ndodoghi creek, Ema Atai Ema Atai, Priest-king, lost his sight in death, Joshua Project Efik of Nigeria Ethnic People Profile, Souvenir Programme of the Coronation Service of His Royal Highness Edidem Boco Ene Mkpang Cobham V, Obong of Calabar and Paramount Ruler of the Efiks, Abridgement of the minutes of the evidence, "Souvenir programme of the Coronation of Edidem Boco Ene Mkpang Cobham V", "Cross river as a model for the evolution of Benue-Congo nominal class/concord systems", https://web.archive.org/web/20151222092842/http://sunnewsonline.com/new/pa-effiong-ukpong-aye-1918-2012/, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Efik_people&oldid=1131332439, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters, Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 3 January 2023, at 17:46. [51] Due to the custom of killing twins, Edem Efiom is said to have aided Okoho Efiom in sneaking out of Creek town to Nsutana. Speaking at the ceremony, the head of Ekpe of Afap village, Seseku Daniel Laluh said with Prof Ayuk's commitment in the village, the Ekpe society thought it necessary to confer him the Seseku. Ekpe is a mysterious spirit who is supposed to live in the jungle and to preside at the ceremonies of the society. [45] What is most certain is that the Efik arrived Creek Town led by Edidem Eyo Ema Atai together with Oku Atai Atai Ema Atai, Ukpong Atai Atai Ema Atai, Adim Atai Atai Ema Atai, Efiom Ekpo Efiom Ekpo and several others. the exhibition explores the long- Sample Translation: The Sacred Language of the Abaku - JSTOR [69] The Ekpe spirit cannot be seen by the uninitiated and is represented by Idem Iquo, a masquerade dressed in Esk, a multicoloured costume decorated with other traditional accoutrements. Ekpe Efik was used as a government instrument in Bakassi in exercising authority for more than 200 years ago [4]. [5] The Efik refer to themselves as Efik Eburutu, Ifa Ibom, Eburutu and Iboku. JavaScript is disabled. ekpe society cameroon - workex.jobs Ndibo Yevengo- Abakua & Ekpe events; Cuba-Calabar Radio . Here are 8 prominent cults and secret societies in Africa. Known generally as Ekpe, Egbo, Ngbe, or Ugbe among the multi-lingual groups in the region, these closed groups all used the leopard as a symbol of masculine prowess in war and political authority in their various communities. kp had four major roles in pre-colonial life. The doomsday cult is a sinister transnational cult that has paved its way from the west and Asian world into some African countries including Uganda and South Africa. [23][24], The Oriental original is most popular among indigenous Efik historians such as E.U. Oral tradition has it that the Efik arrived Uruan in four groups i.e. Tanzania and the Art of Africa | JTArtRave 16, 2014 3 likes 6,498 views Download Now Download to read offline Education Spiritual Technology A short description of the ancient Ekpe Masquerade and its cultural and spiritual significance, in the life of the people of the Cross River basin. The group is gaining grounds as it seems to incessantly predict the total destruction of the planet earth. No disrespect allowed. ekpe society cameroon - AllInsuranceInfo.org [17] Some oral accounts by early Efik men also support the Igbo origin of the Efik. Other narratives at the Hart's enquiry do not make mention of the Efut. [19] Oku attests that it was the attack on the Efik that made them decide to leave Ikpa Ene as they realised they were still too close to their enemies. [48] Jeffreys theory is unpopular with a large majority of the Efik. [14], The name "Efik" translates to "Oppressors" and is derived from the Efik-Ibibio verb root "Fik" (English: Oppress). ________. According to Parker, When there, Dick Ebro' asking him to go to war with him, he complied, and accordingly having sitted out and armed the canoes, they went up the river, lying under the bushes in the day when they came near a village; and at night flying up to the village, and taking hold of every one they could see. Cameroon-Nigeria Relations, 1884-1961: A Study in Political, Economic and Social Interactions Between Two Nigerian Neighbouring States. The Ekoi in Cameroon are found in the South Western region of the count. Letters were also sent by King Eyo Honesty II to introduce missionaries and technocrats into the country with emphasis on the latter. Afropop Worldwide | Interview: Ivor Miller 2007 The Ekpe Society is a religious and cultural institution among the Efik people, it can also be found among the Annang and the Ibibios. The Internet has shone light on manysecret societies, rendering them not so secret. Festival organised by Global Music Exchange (ht. The term igo has also been used for the organization's members. Google Scholar Aye, E. A. [82] The name Itu ita translates to three manatees and is named because the masts of the ship resembled the manatee (Itu). Residents in Ekpe villages often go to the group to help them seek justice when theyve been wronged. cherryblossom wrote on WARRIOR's profile. . The indigenous drums of the Cross River region of southeastern Nigeria and southwestern Cameroon are distinctive for their "wedge and ring" method of tightening the skin. The Ekale Dancers from South-West Cameroon - YouTube LEFT Ekpe cage during Ikot Ekpe ritual in 2009. Due to the rise of Calabar as a commercial centre since the 18th century, Efik settlements experienced a high rate of inward migration consisting of Sierra Leoneans, Lebanese, Cameroonians, Jamaicans and several other communities. [74][75] (1985). Each ukara is highly individualized and clearly produced to be worn by a specific Ekpe member or to mark a specific Ekpe lodge. Although Behrendt and Graham reveal that Calabar had been a major trading port since the first half of the seventeenth century, Efik historians such as Aye assert that the Efik had been trading with the Europeans since the last quarter of the 15th century. They believed feasting on a human strengthened their bonds. Prior to Akak, the theory were proposed at the Hart's enquiry by Chief Offiong Abasi Ntiero Effiwatt and Etubom Ededem Ekpenyong Oku.[25][26]. He views the Cuban initiation system known as Abaku, which was based on kp society, as a collective way for African descendants to maintain their historical memory. Infact; there can be no-gainsay of the USAK-EDET People (ISANGELE) being the originators of this highly acclaimed Ekpe Society that the EFIKS, led by EFFA EFFIWAT later on used in subduing their subjects of EFUTS, (i.e. Instead, each settlement had its own lodge of the initiation society called kp, or "leopard," which was the highest indigenous authority.
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