In this scenario the SonicWALL UTM appliance is not used for security enforcement, but instead for bidirectional scanning, blocking viruses and spyware, and stopping intrusion attempts. Zones are the hierarchical apex of SonicOS Enhanceds secure objects architecture. page. Traffic with the Trust classification has all signatures applied (Incoming, Outgoing, and Bidirectional). At present, these communications can only occur through the Primary WAN interface. appropriate for IPS Sniffer Mode. How to react to a students panic attack in an oral exam? If it, Using multiple tag ports: As shown in the above diagram, two tag (802.1q) ports were, On HP ProCurve switches, when two ports are tagged in the same VLAN, the port group, This sample topology covers the proper installation of a SonicWALL UTM device into your, Because the UTM appliance will be used in this deployment scenario only as an enforcement, Configure the Network Interfaces and Activate L2B Mode, Access to the management interface for the administrator, Subscription service updates on MySonicWALL, The default route for the device and subsequently the next hop for the internal traffic of, The LAN interface on the UTM appliance is used to monitor the unencrypted client traffic, The gateway and internal/external DNS address settings will match those of your SSL VPN, To configure the LAN interface settings, navigate to the. Pair. It also doesn't need to be permitted between subnets as, again, IGMP should never actually traverse a routing device. The following terms will be used when referring to the operation and configuration of L2 Bridge Here X3 is configured as, You will see a default access rule that allows all access from LAN to the server zone. Simultaneously, it will provide L2 Bridge security between the workstation and server segments of the network without having to readdress any of the mail.Vitareg.tk Website Review. Create Address Object/s or Address Groups of hosts to be blocked. Thanks for contributing an answer to Network Engineering Stack Exchange! In this scenario, we will be adding two more networks on X2 and X3 interfaces respectively. Zones can include multiple interfaces, however, the WAN zone is restricted to a total of two interfaces. Is it suspicious or odd to stand by the gate of a GA airport watching the planes? The WAN interface of the SonicWALL is used to connect to the SonicWALL Data Center for for the Action Go to Network, Zones, and Edit the Zone in question (LAN) and remove the checkmark from Allow Interface Trust. represents the scenario where a SonicWALL Aventail SSL VPN or SonicWALL SSL VPN Series appliance is deployed in conjunction with L2 Bridge mode. Are you certain this is a firewall issue and not a switching/VLAN problem? That, IIf the path is determined to be via the WAN, then the default Auto, Bridge-Pair interface zone assignment should be done according to your networks traffic flow, As it will be one of the primary employments of L2 Bridge mode, understanding the application. hierarchy. I can see the rules being used in the traffic statistics when I ping). IEEE 802.1Q VLANs (on SonicWALL NSA appliances), Spanning Tree Protocol, multicast, broadcast, and IPv6, ensuring that all network communications will continue uninterrupted. In case if the above step didnt address the issue, then the issue requires real-time assistance. In other words, only those VLANs which are defined as subinterfaces will be handled by the SonicWALL, the rest will be discarded as uninteresting. (WAN) would, by default, not be permitted inbound. I've tried different combinations of NAT policies, but may not have gotten it right (original/translated source, inbound/outbound interface, etc). Edit Rule To connect a single-homed SSL VPN appliance, follow these steps: From a management station inside your network, you should now be able to access the I'm excited to be here, and hope to be able to contribute. Multicast traffic, with IGMP dependency, is ARP is passed through natively, meaning that a host communicating across an L2 Bridge will see the actual host MAC addresses of their peers. Although a Primary Bridge Interface may be For example, the Workstation communicating with the Router (192.168.0.1) will see the router as 00:99:10:10:10:10, and the Router will see the Workstation (192.168.0.100) as 00:AA:BB:CC:DD:EE. The following table lists the maximum number of subinterfaces supported on each platform. Choose between RIPv1 or RIPv2 based on your router's capabilities or configuration. While this would probably support the traffic flow requirements (i.e. Incoming and, For additional accuracy, other elements are also considered, such as the state of the, Based on the source and destination, the packets directionality is categorized as either, In addition to this categorization, packets traveling to/from zones with levels of additional, Default, zone-to-zone Access Rules. LAN or DMZ). Click OK Hotels near Vini dei Cavalli, Gunzenhausen on Tripadvisor: Find 1,276 traveler reviews, 641 candid photos, and prices for 708 hotels near Vini dei Cavalli in Gunzenhausen, Germany. The 802.1Q VLAN ID is checked against the VLAN ID white/black list: If the VLAN ID is disallowed, the packet is dropped and logged. I'm guessing I need to create a NAT policy for IGMP both directions? rev2023.3.3.43278. Although Transparent Mode employs the I hope to control it using the Sonicwall firewall rules. differs from the current CSM behavior in that it handles VLANs and non-IPv4 traffic types, which the CSM does not. Route Advertisement. Disable inter VLAN routing. The below resolution is for customers using SonicOS 7.X firmware. In this instance, X0 and X2 will be able to communicate. Why is there a voltage on my HDMI and coaxial cables? You can achieve this by adding access rules on the SonicWall from X0 Main LAN to X2 Phone LAN and X3 Another LAN and vice versa. Login to the SonicWall management Interface. Select the LAN to WAN button to enter the Access Rules ( LAN > WAN) page. to WAN, and from the WAN to the LAN, otherwise traffic will not pass successfully. LAN is 10.xx.xx.xx on Interface x1 WLAN is 192.xx.xx.xx on Interface x4 There is a wifi access point on WLAN plugged directly into x4. There are a couple rules set up to block traffic at lower priorities than the ones i've listed. I've tried various combinations of Static Routes, NAT and Firewall rules, but I cannot get traffic to cross the different subnets. On the Sonicwall, only a NAT exemption and access rule should be needed. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. On the Network > Zones This will remove the auto-added LAN<->LAN Allow ANY/ANY/ANY rule. Is there a single-word adjective for "having exceptionally strong moral principles"? Security services applicability is based on the following criteria: Based on the source and destination, the packets directionality is categorized as either While many other methods of transparent operation will only support IPv4 traffic, L2 Bridge Mode will inspect all IPv4 traffic, and will pass (or block, if desired) all other traffic, including LLC, all Ethertypes, and even proprietary frame formats. Network Engineering Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for network engineers. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. Click OK To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. Enhanced includes predefined zones as well as allow you to define your own zones. interface to X1. The SonicWALL also proxy ARPs the IP addresses specified in the Transparent Range The Primary Bridge Interface can be By default, traffic will not be NATed from one Bridge-Pair interface to the Bridge-Partner, but it can be NATed to other paths, as needed. By placing the SonicWALL in Layer 2 Bridge mode, the X0 and X1 interfaces become part of the same broadcast domain/network (that of the X1 WAN interface). This example refers to a SonicWALL UTM appliance installed in a Hewlitt Packard ProCurve Is there a solutiuon to add special characters from software and how to do it. existing SonicWALL EX-Series SSL VPN or SonicWALL SSL VPN networking environment. Protect Federal Agencies and Networks with scalable, purpose-built cybersecurity solutions, Access to deal registration, MDF, sales and marketing tools, training and more, Find answers to your questions by searching across our knowledge base, community, technical documentation and video tutorials, 03/26/2020 194 People found this article helpful 232,632 Views. can SonicWall give me this routing ability, if I define one of the Licensing Services Broadcast traffic is passed from the On SonicWALL NSA series appliances, L2 Bridge Mode provides fine control over 802.1Q Setup Wizard I haven't figured out yet why I can't get to the webserver on an AP on a different subnet yet though, so it might not be it. Blocking IP addresses on the WAN access to the LANBy default all traffic from the WAN are denied access to the LAN, DMZ or any other zone. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. You can unsubscribe at any time from the Preference Center. L2 Bridge Mode employs a learning bridge design where it will dynamically determine which assigned to the WAN zone, only static addressing is allowable for Primary Bridge Interfaces. PortShield interfaces cannot be assigned to Interfaces in a Transparent Mode pair (LAN) segment, an Access Rule allowing WAN->LAN traffic for the appropriate IP addresses and services could be added to allow inbound traffic to those servers. I can't even ping 192.168.1.1 from the client PC. ability to provide logical rather than physical broadcast domain, or LAN boundaries. Do I buy separate router, or can SonicWall give me this routing ability, if I define one of the available interfaces (X2,X3,X4) for connecting LAN_2? I decided to let MS install the 22H2 build. Interface Traffic Statistics . This option is only to be used when the secondary subnet is accessed through an internal (LAN) router that is between it and the SonicWALL LAN port. The SonicWALL uses RIPv1 or RIPv2 (Routing Information Protocol) to advertise its static and dynamic routes to other routers on the network. To configure a WLAN to LAN Layer 2 interface bridge: This method is useful in networks where there is an existing firewall that will remain in place, assigned to a physical interface. Static Route configurations allow multiple subnets separated by an internal (LAN) router to be supported behind the SonicWALL LAN. I did a packet capture for a ping from X4 to X0 and got the following error: Obviously, each interface is on a different subnet, but I don't understand why the Sonicwall is dropping it. You can also create a custom zone to use for the Layer 2 Bridge. networks to use VLANs for segmentation of traffic. as management traffic). Both interfaces are on the same "LAN" Zone, with interface trust between them. Then create 2 access rules, [LAN 1 > LAN 2 Allow All] and [LAN 2 > LAN 1 Allow All], and it will work just fine. The SonicWALL LAN and WAN IP addresses are displayed as permanently published at all times. Why are Suriname, Belize, and Guinea-Bissau classified as "Small Island Developing States"? "We, who've been connected by blood to Prussia's throne and people since Dppel". Please take a reference at the below KB article for access rule creation. interface. page. . The X0 interface on the SonicWall, by default, is configured with the IP 192.168.168.168 with netmask 255.255.255.0. Secondary Bridge Use care when programming the ports that are spanned/mirrored to X0. Click Object on the top bar, navigate to the Match objects | Addresses | Address objects page. Network > Interfaces Firewall Access Rules are applied to the packet. Clear Statistics Traffic will be intelligently routed from/to Layer 2 Bridge Mode with High Another aspect of the versatility of L2 Bridge Mode is that you can use it to configure . Mode icon for the intersection of WAN to LAN traffic. Wizards > Setup Wizard interface, and then assign it an address that can access the Internet so that the appliance can obtain signature updates and communicate with NTP. or Outgoing, Unsupported traffic will, by default, be passed from one L2 Bridge interface to the Bridge- X0 is LAN interface (LAN_1) and X1 is WAN. Custom routes and NAT policies can be added as needed. What is the purpose of this D-shaped ring at the base of the tongue on my hiking boots? Address objects are defined in the Network > to traffic from/to the subnets defined by Transparent Mode Address Object assignment. ), Theoretically Correct vs Practical Notation. VLAN subinterfaces have most of the capabilities and characteristics of a physical interface, The SonicOS Enhanced scheme of interface addressing works in conjunction with network, Secured objects include interface objects that are directly linked to physical interfaces and, Zones are the hierarchical apex of SonicOS Enhanceds secure objects architecture. What am I missing? rev2023.3.3.43278. Base your decision on 30 verified in-depth peer reviews and ratings, pros & cons, pricing, support and more. , where it provides simultaneous L2 bridging, WLAN services, and NATed WAN access. So when the Workstation at the left attempts to resolve 192.168.0.1, the ARP request it sends is responded to by the SonicWALL with its own X0 MAC address (00:06:B1:10:10:10). Can airtags be tracked from an iMac desktop, with no iPhone? If the VLAN ID is allowed, the packet is de-capsulated, the VLAN ID is stored, and the, Since any number of subnets is supported by L2 Bridging, no source IP spoof checking is, A destination route lookup is performed to the destination zone, so that the appropriate. table lists received and transmitted information for all configured interfaces. This scenario is explained in the Layer 2 Bridge Mode with High Availability section What are you trying to ping? Alternatively if these are NOT really both part of the same Zone (security context) then either change one of the interfaces to a different Zone (eg. Untrusted, Trusted, or Public. Key Features of SonicOS Enhanced Layer 2 Bridge Mode, This method of transparent operation means that a, True L2 behavior means that all allowed traffic flows. section of the SonicWALL security appliance Management Interface, and User objects are defined in the Users Please click on System > Packet Monitor > Configure, * Check Enable Bidirectional address and port matching", * Source IP: 10.3.63.x (List the IP address of the source computer where the ping is initiated from), * Destination IP: List the IP address of the recipient computer where the ping is destined to, - Display Filter Tab: Everything clear, all boxes check, - Advance Monitor Filter: Everything check. Virtual interfaces- Virtual interfaces are assigned as subinterfaces to a physical interface and allow the physical interface to carry traffic assigned to multiple interfaces. Service and Scheduling objects are defined in the Firewall communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. This is the reason for running in Layer 2 Bridge Mode (instead of reconfiguring the external interface of the SSL VPN appliance to see the LAN interface as the default route). The SonicOS Enhanced scheme of interface addressing works in conjunction with network . Is there a proper earth ground point in this switch box? I need to enable traffic between two different subnets connected to a SonicWall. Flashback: March 3, 1971: Magnavox Licenses Home Video Games (Read more HERE.) TL;DR: How can I allow a PC on x1 LAN 10.xx.xx.151 to cast to Chromecast on x4 WLAN 192.xx.xx.99? table lists the following information for each interface: The 9. Category: Firewall Management and Analytics, https://www.sonicwall.com/support/contact-support/, https://www.sonicwall.com/support/knowledge-base/using-firewall-access-rules-to-block-incoming-and-outgoing-traffic/170503532387172/, https://www.sonicwall.com/support/knowledge-base/how-can-i-setup-and-utilize-the-packet-monitor-feature-for-troubleshooting/170513143911627/. Why is there a voltage on my HDMI and coaxial cables? The interfaces displayed on the Network > Interfaces page depend on the type of SonicWALL appliance. Your daily dose of tech news, in brief. segment) will generally be considered as having a lower level of trust than everything to the left of the SonicWALL (the Secondary Bridge Interface The To sign in, use your existing MySonicWall account. to be assigned to the same or different zones (e.g. OK What is a word for the arcane equivalent of a monastery? Incoming log in. SonicWALL - 2 VPN subnets need to communicate, How can I create a static route between subnets on sonicwall, Topological invariance of rational Pontrjagin classes for non-compact spaces. to Layer 2 Bridged Mode and set the Bridged To: In case if the access rules are already in place, we may need to enact packet capture on the firewall to trace the traffics between these interfaces and to rectify the issue. Multicast is enabled for all objects on LAN and WLAN, LAN > MULTICAST, Any source to Any destination, Any service, Allow, LAN > WLAN, Any source to any destination, Any service, Allow, WLAN > MULTICAST, Chromecast to Any destination, IGMP, Allow, WLAN > MULTICAST, Any source to Any destination, Any service, Deny, WLAN > LAN, Chromecast to All Workstations, Any service, Allow. Availability You can configure route advertisements for each Interface/zone by clicking on the Notepad icon in the Configure column of Route Advertisement table, which displays the Route Advertisement Configuration window. appropriate and optimal path toward their destination, whether that path is the Bridge-Partner, some other physical or sub interface, or a VPN tunnel. Non IPv4 traffic is not handled by Traffic to/from the Primary Bridge The benefits of this include: VLAN support on SonicOS Enhanced is achieved by means of subinterfaces, which are logical Within the WAN zone, either one or both WAN interfaces can be actively passing traffic depending on the WAN Failover and Load Balancing configuration on the Network > WAN Failover & LB . appliance should be placed between the X0/LAN interface of the SSL VPN appliance and the connection to your internal network. L2 (Layer 2) Bridge Mode Sawyer Solutions is an IT service provider. Two interfaces, a Primary Bridge Interface . It is not dependent upon IGMP messaging, nor is it necessary to enable multicast support on the individual interfaces. Technical Support Advisor - Premier Services. If the Fastvue server is in your internal network, specify the IP for SonicWall's internal interface). page. Firewall Access Rule for LAN > LAN (Any, Any, Any, Allow) are enabled, (I've also tried X6 > X0 allow all, and inverse X0 > X6 allow all. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. Click the Configure Similarly you can modify the rule from Servers to LAN to. Also what I have had to do on the sonicwall in the past is add an address group 192.168.102./24 to the local subnets groups so it has the same access as the local subnet (10.189.101.x) flag Report By default, the SonicWall security appliance's Stateful packet inspection allows all communication from the LAN to the Internet, and blocks all traffic to the LAN from the Internet.The following behaviors are defined by the DefaultStateful inspection packet access rule enabled in the SonicWall security appliance:Allow all sessions originating from the LAN, WLAN to the WAN, or DMZ (except when the destination WAN IP address is the WAN interface of the SonicWall appliance itself).Allow all sessions originating from the DMZ to the WAN.Deny all sessions originating from the WAN to the DMZ.Deny all sessions originating from the WAN and DMZ to the LAN or WLAN.Additional network access rules can be defined to extend or override the default access rules. Let us know for questions. and Secondary Bridge Interfaces IGMP is local to a subnet and can't (read: should never be) translated between subnets. The default handling of VLANs is to allow and preserve all 802.1Q VLAN tags as they pass through an L2 Bridge, while still applying all firewall rules, and stateful and deep-packet inspection to the encapsulated traffic. I'll give PIM a shot, How can I route Multicast between segregated interfaces on Sonicwall, How Intuit democratizes AI development across teams through reusability. A server configured to run a limited number of services that acts as a single point of contact between the internet and the private network 10. You will also need to make sure to modify the firewall access rules to allow traffic from the LAN This typically requires a flushing of the routers ARP cache either from its management interface or through a reboot. I'm still stuck and would appreciate further advice. Port X1 on each appliance is configured for normal WAN connectivity and is used for access to the management interface of that device. How to handle a hobby that makes income in US. . This will remove the auto-added LAN<->LAN Allow ANY/ANY/ANY rule. You might want to start from a wide-open firewall configuration to confirm that the firewall is actually sending IGMP group queries in each routed subnet and then set up a known-working multicast source/receiver to prove it's the firewall and not the Chromecast. A packet arriving on X4 (Primary Bridge Interface, LAN) destined for host 10.0.1.100, If no specific route to the destination exists, an ARP cache lookup is performed for the, A packet arriving on X3 (non-L2 Bridge LAN) destined for host 192.168.0.100 (residing, A packet arriving on X4 (Primary Bridge Interface, LAN) destined for host 10.0.1.10. Bulk update symbol size units from mm to map units in rule-based symbology. On the X2 Settings page, set the IP Assignment Remember that by default, Windows 7 doesn't respond to pings. Transparent Mode will drop (and generally log) all non-IPv4 traffic, precluding it from passing assignment, DHCP Server, and NAT and Access Rule controls. Typically, this configuration is used with a switch inside the main gateway to monitor traffic on the intranet. The following table outlines the benefits of each key feature of layer 2 bridge mode: This method of transparent operation means that a In such cases, where an access rule already exists to allow traffic from anywhere on the Internet to the LAN or DMZ, it may be required to deny traffic from IP addresses known (or suspected) to be coming from a non-secure source. the purpose of providing security services (the network may or may not have an existing firewall between the SonicWALL and the router). Any number of subnets is supported. If the Router had previously resolved the Server (192.168.0.100) to its MAC address 00:AA:BB:CC:DD:EE, this cached ARP entry would have to be cleared before the router could communicate with the host through the SonicWALL. meaning that all network communications will continue uninterrupted. At the zone configuration level, the This works both to segment larger physical LANs into smaller virtual LANs, as well as to bring physically disparate LANs together into a logically contiguous virtual LAN. Because the UTM appliance will be used in this deployment scenario only as an enforcement describes, it is not an effortless process. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. Hardware: Sonicwall NSA220 running SonicOS Enhanced 5.9.0.2. I have a system with me which has dual boot os installed. Both one- and two-port deployments of the SonicWALL UTM appliance are covered in this section. I thought IGMP routing was required for Multicast. Developed with connectivity in mind as much as security, L2 Bridge Mode can pass all Ethernet frame types, ensuring seamless integration. information is unaltered. If these traffic types are not needed or desired, the bridging behavior can be changed by enabling the Block all non-IPv4 traffic Configuring the Access rule to deny access from LAN to Server zoneBy default, the access between the trusted zones is allowed. To test access to your network from an external client, connect to the SSL VPN appliance and Layer 2 Bridge Mode is implemented with port X0 bridged to port X2. By default the LAN Zone has Interface Trust enabled, which means all interfaces within the same Zone trust each other (pass traffic). LAN to LAN firewall rules are set to permit all. VPN operation is supported with one On the Primary WAN as a master interface, only static addressing is allowable for Transparent Mode. So, first interaction here, so if more is needed, or if I am doing something wrong, I am open to suggestions or guidance with forum ettiquette. A. Dual homed host B. DMZ C. PFSense D. Proxy E. Firestarter F. Outpost . I had to remove the machine from the domain Before doing that . A place where magic is studied and practiced? For reasons of security and control, SonicOS does not participate in any VLAN trunking protocols, but instead requires that each VLAN that is to be supported be configured and assigned appropriate security characteristics. By submitting this form, you agree to our Terms of Use and acknowledge our Privacy Statement. This section provides a configuration example for an access rule blocking. icon next to the default rule that implicitly blocks uninitiated traffic from the WAN to the LAN. The following summary describes, in order, the logic that is applied to path determinations for these cases: In this last case, since the destination is unknown until after an ARP response is Enforced Content Filtering Client Extend policy enforcement to block internet content for Windows, Mac OS, Android and Chrome devices located outside the firewall perimeter. Make sure that all security services for the SonicWALL UTM appliance are enabled. hosts are on which interface of an L2 Bridge (referred to as a Bridge-Pair). L2 Bridge Mode provides an ideal solution for networks that already have an existing firewall, Next, go to the on port X5, the designated HA port. Inline Layer 2 Bridge All I believe I have left is to route multicast between WLAN and LAN, or to be more specific, 10.xx.xx. The nature of simulating nature: A Q&A with IBM Quantum researcher Dr. Jamie We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup, Sonicwall route traffic through specific interface based on destination. For example, access rules can be created that allow access from the LAN zone to the WAN Primary IP address, or block certain types of traffic such as IRC from the LAN to the WAN, or allow certain types of traffic, such as Lotus Notes database synchronization, from specific hosts on the Internet to specific hosts on the LAN, or restrict use of certain protocols such as Telnet to authorized users on the LAN.Custom access rules evaluate network traffic source IP addresses, destination IP addresses, IP protocol types, and compare the information to access rules created on the SonicWall security appliance. and conventional security appliance services, such as routing, NAT, VPN, and wireless operations. L2 Bridge Mode is ostensibly similar to SonicOS Enhanceds Transparent Mode X0 has no VLANS, but X4 connects to an Extreme Networks managed switch with two VLANs (installed and configured by another vendor). This section provides an example topology that uses SonicWALL IPS Sniffer Mode in a Hewlitt The RIPv2 Enabled (broadcast) selection broadcasts packets instead of multicasting packets is for heterogeneous networks with a mixture of RIPv1 and RIPv2 routers. You just enter in Firewall->Access rules, select LAN->LAN and unmark the last rule wich allow intra-zone connections. Enable the management if needed and click, Give an IP address as per your requirement. Hope this helps. This sample topology covers the proper installation of a SonicWALL UTM device into your The X0 interface on the SonicWall, by default, is configured with the IP 192.168.168.168 with netmask 255.255.255.. I'm stumped and could really use some help, please. Granular controls Block content using the predefined categories or any combination of categories. Euler: A baby on his lap, a cat on his back thats how he wrote his immortal works (origin? Virtual interfaces allow you to have more than one interface on one physical connection. VPN operation is supported with no special apply: Consider, for the point of contrast, what would occur if the X2 (Primary Bridge Interface) Broadcast traffic is dropped and logged, Firewall Access Rules can be written to control traffic to/from any of the subnets as needed. as LAN-LAN traffic, but some directional specific (client-side versus server-side) signatures do not apply to some LAN-WAN cases. classification. With regard to address translation (NAT) of traffic arriving on an L2 Bridge-Pair interface: Bridge-Pair interface zone assignment should be done according to your networks traffic flow I tried the following: Source - 63 network (10.3.63.0/255.255.255.0 which is X3). Any help is greatly appreciated. This structure is based on secure objects, which are utilized by rules and policies within SonicOS Enhanced. for details. and inspect traffic types that cannot be handled by many other methods of transparent security appliance integration. Why should transaction_version change with removals? * and 192.xx.xx.99. trust, which are inherently afforded heightened levels of security (LAN|Wireless|Encrypted<-->LAN|Wireless|Encrypted) are given the special Trust
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