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In 1985, the British Antarctica survey detected a hole in the ozone layer over Antarctica, and the rest is history [sources: Nobel Prize; Nobel Prize]. The drugs Cetuximab and Panitumumab, which are in the same class as Nimotuzumab but are available in the U.S., can cause unsightly and unpleasant acne-like rashes, while international reports about Nimotuzumab suggest its incidence of rash is a lot lower. (July 7, 2014) http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1984/milstein-bio.html, Molina, Mario J. 40 Black Inventors That Changed the World - EDGY Labs 268. Now, theyre opening Facebook accounts, listing their homes on Airbnb, and watching Netflix. His inventions include the lightning rod, bifocals, and the Franklin Stove. We like to view ourselves as special snowflakes, as one-of-a-kind as our fingerprints. Though Jobs went on to become more well-known, he and Wozniak worked together to build the Apple I, the home computer that launched a revolution. The rikimbili, prohibited, but widely used in Cuba, is made of a bicycle with a motor attached. 15 Famous Cuban-Americans | Time May 12, 2014. A charger for non-rechargable hearing aid batteries. Rum And Coke Rum and coke, also known as Cuba Libre, was invented after Cuba gained independence after the Spanish-American War. 15 Famous Cuban-Americans Gloria Estefan Born in Havana, Estefan is arguably Cuba's most famous singer. He was also a teacher, attorney, administrator, archaeologist and advocate for Mexico's American Indians. It is transmitted by sand fly bites [source: BBC; Encyclopaedia Britannica; Chinea]. As an archaeologist, he fought against a prevailing idea that Mesoamerican cultures must have developed from the expansion of ancient Egyptian or Chinese cultures. Try it: If you can get your hands on an old computer thats no longer needed, deconstruct it with your class to learn about the pieces and parts inside. Currently a faculty member at the Institute for Advanced Studies, he has been awarded the Fundamental Physics Prize (2012) and appeared on the Einsteins Dream episode of PBSs Big Ideas. Routledge. There he became a naturalized citizen in 1943 after serving in a U.S. Army wartime medical training program that drafted him out of medical school. He spent much of his career working for NASAs Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and his innovations in aerospace technology are legendary. (July 7, 2014) http://yellowfever.lib.virginia.edu/reed/finlay.html, Wohl, Charles G. "Scientist as Detective: Luis Alvarez and the Pyramid Burial Chambers, the JFK Assassination, and the End of the Dinosaurs." (July 3, 2014) http://www.bbc.com/news/health-27389259, Benacerraf, Baruj. He was also inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 2007. In 1991, he launched the World Wide Web, and the internet as we know it was born. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. She was formerly digital managing editor for the PBS NewsHour. "Alfonso Caso y Andrade: 1896 1970." Copyright 1996-2015 National Geographic SocietyCopyright 2015-2023 National Geographic Partners, LLC. About 1.7 million Americans will be diagnosed with cancer this year, and about 600,000 are expected to die of it. Vol. This list may not reflect recent changes . Two years ago, the groups of people crowding Havanas parks and sidewalks with cell phones pressed to their faces didnt exist. Travis Daub is Director of Digital at PBS NewsHour. Alvarez." Hes known as the Father of the Video Game and helped develop some of the earliest gaming consoles. The VSSP research is so preliminary that Cuban scientists' documents still have to be translated from Spanish into English, says Dr. Kelvin Lee, chair of Roswell Park's department of immunology. Page 3. "Bernardo Alberto Houssay." He attended the National School of Arts in Havana and later went on to become a music professor in the 70s. Dec. 8, 1995. After studying robotics in art school, Yusnier Mentado Fernndez started working on his own creations using processors from Italy. 64, no. But back in 1881, when Finlay first presented his extensive research suggesting that mosquitoes transmitted the disease to Havanas Academy of Sciences, he became a laughingstock. History and Culture. (July 7, 2014) http://www.6911norfolk.com/d0lbln/105f06/105f06-wohl-alvarez.pdf, World Health Organization. Unauthorized use is prohibited. He became an astronaut in 1981, served as in-orbit capsule communicator (CAPCOM) during the first Spacelab flight, and flew seven space shuttle missions. However, he is most well-known for two significant contributions to modern technologythe reCAPTCHA system and Duolingo. (July 7, 2014) http://jnnp.bmj.com/content/65/2/268.full, Houssay, Bernardo. Nimotuzumab, patented in the U.S. in 1999 by CIM scientists, is a treatment for various head and neck cancers, including squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (tumors that form on the mucosal surfaces of the mouth, throat and nose), glioma (brain tumors) and nasopharyngeal cancer. She invented the first compiler, a program that translates programming code to machine language. Closely following them are Galileo, Pythagoras, Marie Curie, Charles Darwin and Nicola Tesla. newsletter for analysis you wont find anywhereelse. Born in Camaguey, Cuba, in 1948, Adalberto Alvarez was a famous Cuban pianist, musical director, and composer. Jenny Marder. She's also done training and curriculum design for a financial institution and been a science museum educator. Here are three additional medical innovations that the U.S. could benefit from if relations between the U.S. and Cuba continue to thaw. Try this: Put together a blood model using beads or candies to learn about all the components blood contains. (July 4, 2010) http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1980/speedread.html, Parodi, Armando. 9 Afro-Cuban Artists & Intellectuals You Should Know When uncontrolled diabetes causes nerve and blood vessel damage in a persons foot, it can lead to one of the most debilitating complications of the disease: the development of foot ulcers -- deep, red sores that can penetrate to the bone. After all that excitement, he retired from NASA in 2005 [sources: NASA]. June 2010. Moved after encountering the disease's poor and stigmatized victims during medical school, he soon dedicated himself to helping treat them and to combating the social stigma under which they lived [sources: BBC; Chinea]. The island nation, hemmed in by a 54-year trade embargo with the U.S., cant exchange goods with one of the worlds largest economies and the largest medical market. All rights reserved. 12, no. A large weight is hoisted up and dropped to spin a flywheel to start motors around the farm. All you need to make it is a light rum, Coca-Cola, and a little bit of lime for garnish. "Baruj Benacerraf." At home, he's building a Roomba vacuum from scratch. Even before a reliable Internet connection, Cubans had created their own versions of Craigslist, Yelp, and eBay. Salsa and ballet have long been staples of Cuban culture, but other dance forms are arriving. March 26, 2002. "Nobel Lecture: My Life with O3, NOX and other YZOXs." Read more about Cuban inventions in How communism turned Cuba into an island of hackers and DIY engineers. For this reason is it hardly enjoyable for anyone involved, Oroza says. "The Leprosy Bacillus, Circa 1873." 65, no. He tested its efficacy in children against diffuse pontine glioma (aggressive and difficult-to-treat brain tumors) across multiple sites in Canada and the U.S., and found that the drug wasnt effective. She was the first African-American female doctor to receive a medical patent. A new field of biochemistry opened up virtually overnight, and Leloir received the 1970 Nobel Prize in chemistry [sources: Myrbck; Parodi]. Learn more: Taking Flight With the Wright Brothers. Ochoa, who was honored with NASAs Distinguished Service Medal, served as the director of the Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas, from 2013 to 2018. 30 Famous Inventors Your Students Should Know - We Are Teachers He became an American citizen in 1977. Learn more: Thomas David Petite, Readworks. Known for: If youre reading this right now, thank Tim Berners-Lee. Twenty years ago, Cuban leader Fidel Castro launched the Future Project, a plan to integrate the software industry into the countrys economy. (July 3, 2014) http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1995/molina-bio.html, Molina, Mario J. We're all painfully aware of how growth, sexual maturity and metabolism kick into overdrive during puberty, but we're usually too distracted to consider the tiny bean-shaped gland with its foot on the throttle. April 1971. Known for: Bloodmobiles are a common sight these days, thanks to Dr. Drew. (July 7, 2014) http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs100/en/, Yandell, Kate. In 2012, she was named JSC director -- the first Hispanic person and second woman to do so [sources: NASA; NASA]. Finlay noticed that yellow fever epidemics roughly coincided with Havana's mosquito season, but his mosquito-transmission hypothesis was met with disdain for decades until he convinced American military surgeon Walter Reed (like the hospital) to look into it. Travis Daub She was the first Hispanic president of the American Public Health Association as well as a founding member of the Committee to End Sterilization Abuse, an organization that fought against the practice of forced sterilization. Magill, Frank. He was the first African-American to hold a patent for a process known as dry scouring. Today, we call it dry cleaning. Nimotuzumab has had orphan drug status in the U.S. for the treatment of glioma since 2004 and for pancreatic cancer since 2015. 4. "Renowned Venezuelan Expert on Leprosy Jacinto Convit Dies." Joseph and John weren't the only black inventors involved in agriculture. He also served as rector of UNAM and director of the National Museum and of the National Institute of Anthropology and History [sources: Anthropology News; Encyclopaedia Britannica; Gaillard; Smithsonian]. Known for: While kids may not know Baers name, theyre sure to love his accomplishments. Known for: In his work as a professional scene painter for the opera, Daguerre began experimenting with camera obscura for painting large backdrops. 1968. But barriers to access remaincontinuously testing the islands ingenuity. There is more to the list of famous Cubans than you can fathom. Born in Buenos Aires, Argentina, Houssay performed research in circulation, respiration, immunity, the nervous system, digestion and the treatment of insect and snake bites. Try this: Looking for a cool science fair idea? She first served on a nine-day mission aboard the space shuttle Discovery, where she and a team of astronauts studied Earths ozone layer, then returned to space three more times, spending nearly 1000 hours in orbit. Standardized metal meal trays repurposed as television antennas are visible on rooftops across Cuba. The roughly 5,000-year-old human remains were found in graves from the Yamnaya culture, and the discovery may partially explain their rapid expansion throughout Europe. "Csar Milstein." The seven-time Grammy Award winner. Read more about Cuban inventions in How communism turned Cuba into an island of hackers and DIY engineers Lamps made from household items like glass jars and toothpaste tubes. (July 7, 2014) http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/iub.1031/pdf, PBS. Vol. A pacifist, he refused a series of defense industry positions during the Cold War arms race, instead conducting research and teaching physics at the University of the Redlands, Baghdad University, MIT, and Harvey Mudd College. Leloir was born in Paris to Argentine parents and lived in Buenos Aires from the age of 2, with the exception of a few years spent abroad. Learn more: The Farmboy Who Invented Television (Smithsonian Magazine). Known for: Woz and Jobs are two of the most famous inventors of the 20th century. Yellow fever was wiped out of Cuba as well as Panama, enabling engineers to finally complete the Panama Canal [sources: Haas; PBS; UVHSL]. Born in Puerto Prncipe, Cuba, Finlay studied abroad before returning to Havana as a general practitioner and ophthalmologist with a penchant for scientific research. During World War II, he invented several radar applications, worked on the Manhattan Project and rode in a chase plane during the Enola Gay's Hiroshima bombing. Learn more: Alexander Graham Bell (Brittanica). All Rights Reserved. Compared to other countries, America has filed the most patents in the life sciences, is conducting most of the world's clinical trials and has published the most biomedical research. Much as fad diets might tell us to cut them out, energy-packed carbohydrates are essential to most life, thanks to two opposing chemical processes: combustion, which allows us to break down carbs and release energy needed for vital bodily processes, and synthesis, which enables us to use various sugars to build substances we need to live. Read more about Cuban inventions in How communism turned Cuba into an island of hackers and DIY engineers. (July 4, 2014) http://www.dailycal.org/2014/06/17/frank-asaro-uc-berkeley-nuclear-chemist-dies-age-86/, Milstein, Csar. Known for: One of the most famous inventors around, Bell gave the world the telephone. famous cuban inventions Jan. 1, 2013. During that time, Finlay didnt give up on his research. "Carlos Juan Finlay (1833 - 1915)." From groundbreaking biologists and physicists to innovators in the fields of medicine, botany, and environmental studies, here are 10 game-changing Hispanic scientists you should know about. His best-known invention, the Ochoaplane was a small flying machine with collapsible wings. In 1993, astronaut Ellen Ochoa became the first Hispanic woman to go to space. Known for: Every time you plug your phone in to charge or attach a component to your laptop, you can thank Ajay Bhatt for inventing USB technology. When does spring start?